为什么要学基础句型
基础句型是英语句子的"骨架"。单词记再多,如果不会把它放进句子里,就很难表达完整的意思。小学阶段最常用的句型就是:be 动词句型、there be 句型、一般疑问句和否定句。
掌握了这几种句型,孩子就能自己造出很多正确的句子。
一、be 动词句型
be 动词的三种形态
- am → 跟着 I 用:I am a student.
- is → 跟着单个人或物用:He is tall. / The book is on the desk.
- are → 跟着 you / we / they 或复数名合用:They are my friends.
肯定句
- I am happy. 我很高兴
- She is a teacher. 她是一名老师
- We are in the classroom. 我们在教室里
否定句(在 be 动词后加 not)
- I am not happy. 我不高兴
- She is not a teacher. 她不是老师
- We are not in the classroom. 我们不在教室里
缩写形式:is not = isn’t, are not = aren’t, am not 没有缩写
一般疑问句(把 be 动词提到最前面)
- Are you happy? 你高兴吗
- Is she a teacher? 她是老师吗
- Are they in the classroom? 他们在教室里吗
回答:Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
二、there be 句型
结构:There is / are + 名词 + 地点
用法:
- 单数或不可数名词 → There is
- 复数名词 → There are
肯定句
- There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书
- There are two cats under the chair. 椅子下面有两只猫
否定句(在 be 动词后加 not / no)
- There is not a book on the desk.
- There are no cats under the chair.
缩写:there is not = there isn’t
一般疑问句(把 is / are 提到句首)
- Is there a book on the desk? 桌上有一本书吗
- Are there any cats under the chair? 椅子下面有猫吗
回答:Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
就近原则
如果 there be 后面有多个名词,be 动词的单复数根据最靠近的那个名词来决定。
- There is a pen and two books on the desk.
- There are two books and a pen on the desk.
三、一般疑问句
一般疑问句就是用 Yes / No 来回答的句子。
肯定句变疑问句的规则:
- 如果句中有 be 动词 → 把 be 动词提到最前面
- 如果句中有情态动词 can → 把 can 提到最前面
- 如果是实义动词 → 用 Do / Does 开头
例子:
- You like apples. → Do you like apples?
- She likes milk. → Does she like milk?
- He can swim. → Can he swim?
四、否定句
否定句的规则:
- 句中有 be 动词 → be 动词后加 not
- 句中有情态动词 → 情态动词后加 not
- 实义动词 → 用 don’t / doesn’t 加动词原形
例子:
- I like apples. → I don’t like apples.
- She likes milk. → She doesn’t like milk.
- He can swim. → He cannot swim. (缩写:can’t)
五、常见错误
- I am 写成 I is 或 He are
- there be 后面的名词单复数不匹配
- 变否定句时忘记用 don’t / doesn’t,直接在动词后面加 not
- 变疑问句时忘记把 be 动词 / can / do 提前
- does 后面动词忘记恢复原形(如:Does she likes? → Does she like?)
常见问题
there be 和 have 有什么区别?
there be 表示"某处有某物",强调存在;have 表示"某人拥有某物",强调拥有。I have a book. 和 There is a book on the desk. 意思不同。
什么时候用 do,什么时候用 does?
主语是 he / she / it 或单数名词时用 does;主语是 I / you / we / they 或复数名词时用 do。
be 动词和实义动词可以同时用吗?
不可以。一个简单句里不能同时有 be 动词和实义动词的谓语形式。正在做某事时用 be + doing,是进行时的固定结构。