中考英语定语从句——关系代词关系副词的选择
定语从句是中考英语的重点语法项目。掌握先行词的指代和关系词在从句中的作用,是正确使用定语从句的关键。
一、定语从句的基本概念
定语从句在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
二、关系代词的选择
who — 指人,在从句中作主语或宾语 whom — 指人,在从句中作宾语(可省略) whose — 指人或物,在从句中作定语("……的") which — 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语 that — 指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语(最常用)
例句:
The man who is standing there is my teacher.(在那边站着的人是我的老师。——who作主语)
The book that I read yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天读的那本书很有趣。——that作宾语,可省略)
The girl whose mother is a doctor is my best friend.(妈妈是医生的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。——whose作定语)
三、关系副词的选择
when — 先行词是时间,相当于in/on/at + which where — 先行词是地点,相当于in/on/at + which why — 先行词是原因(reason),相当于for + which
例句:
I still remember the day when we first met.(我还记得我们第一次见面的那天。)
This is the school where I studied.(这是我曾经学习的学校。)
Can you tell me the reason why he was late?(你能告诉我他迟到的原因吗?)
四、只能用that不能用which的情况
- 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时。
- 当先行词被序数词(first, second)或形容词最高级修饰时。
- 先行词既有人又有物时。
- 先行词被the only, the very, the same修饰时。
例句:This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书。)
五、定语从句和同位语从句的区别
that在定语从句中充当成分(主语或宾语),在同位语从句中不充当成分(只是连接词)。
The news that he told me is true.(定语从句——that在从句中作told的宾语)
The news that he won the game is true.(同位语从句——that不作成分,说明news的内容)
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