高中英语非谓语动词专项练习题含答案详解

非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重点和难点，也是高考必考内容之一。本文系统梳理不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）的核心用法，并提供15道专项练习题及详细解析，帮助同学们彻底掌握非谓语动词。

非谓语动词概述

非谓语动词（Non-finite Verbs）是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词形式。与谓语动词不同，非谓语动词不受主语的人称和数的限制，不能独立作谓语，但可以承担主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等多种语法功能。

英语中的非谓语动词主要有三种形式：

• 不定式（Infinitive）：to do / to be done / to have done
• 动名词（Gerund）：doing / being done / having done
• 分词（Participle）：现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done

非谓语动词仍然保留动词的特征：可以带自己的宾语和状语，有时态和语态的变化，有逻辑主语。

不定式（to do）

不定式由 “to + 动词原形” 构成，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

1. 作主语

不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语后置。

• To learn a foreign language is not easy.
• It is important to master basic grammar.

2. 作宾语

常见接不定式作宾语的动词：want, hope, wish, decide, plan, agree, refuse, promise, manage, fail, pretend 等。

• I hope to see you again.
• He decided to give up smoking.

3. 作宾语补足语

常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask, tell, want, wish, like, expect, allow, permit, force, warn 等。

• The teacher asked us to finish the homework on time.
• My parents want me to become a doctor.

注意：感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, listen to, look at）和使役动词（make, let, have）后接不定式作宾补时，要省略 to。

• I saw him cross the street. (省略 to)
• She made me wait for two hours.

4. 作定语

不定式作定语常表示将来的动作，放在被修饰名词之后。

• I have a lot of work to do today.
• She was the first person to arrive at the meeting.

5. 作状语

不定式作状语表示目的、结果、原因等。

• He went to the library to borrow some books. (目的)
• She woke up to find herself alone. (结果)
• We were surprised to hear the news. (原因)

动名词（doing）

动名词的形式是 “动词原形 + -ing”，兼具名词和动词的特征。

1. 作主语

动名词作主语通常表示抽象的、一般的、习惯性的动作。有时也可以用 it 作形式主语。

• Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
• It is no use crying over spilt milk. (谚语)

2. 作宾语

只能接动名词作宾语的常见动词/短语：finish, enjoy, mind, avoid, suggest, consider, practice, admit, deny, escape, imagine, keep, miss, risk, can’t help, give up, insist on, look forward to, be used to, be fond of 等。

• Have you finished reading the book?
• I look forward to hearing from you.

3. 动名词与不定式作宾语的区别

分词（现在分词 vs 过去分词）

分词包括现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（-ed形式或不规则变化），在句中作表语、定语、状语和补语。

现在分词 vs 过去分词的核心区别

分词作表语

• The story is interesting. (现在分词 — 令人感兴趣的)
• I am interested in the story. (过去分词 — 感到感兴趣的)
• The door remained locked. (表示状态)

分词作定语

• a sleeping baby (= a baby who is sleeping, 主动进行)
• a broken window (= a window that was broken, 被动完成)
• the rising sun (正在升起的太阳)
• the fallen leaves (已经落下的叶子)

分词作状语

分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果、方式和让步等。

• Hearing the news, she burst into tears. (时间/原因，主动)
• Seen from the top, the city looks magnificent. (条件，被动)
• He walked down the street, singing happily. (伴随)
• The boy fell off the bike, breaking his leg. (结果)

注意：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子主语一致。当逻辑主语不一致时，需要使用独立主格结构。

• Weather permitting, we will go camping tomorrow. (独立主格)
• All things considered, it was a good trip.

非谓语动词作主语和宾语

作主语：不定式 vs 动名词

作宾语：常考动词搭配

• 只能接不定式的动词：want, wish, hope, expect, decide, plan, refuse, fail, manage, promise, offer, pretend, afford, agree 等
• 只能接动名词的动词：finish, enjoy, mind, avoid, suggest, consider, practice, admit, deny, escape, imagine, keep, miss, risk, appreciate, delay, postpone 等
• 两者皆可但含义不同的动词：forget, remember, stop, try, mean, go on, regret 等（参见上表）

非谓语动词作定语和状语

作定语的区别

作状语的区别

• 不定式作状语：主要表示目的、结果、原因。目的状语常用 in order to, so as to；结果状语常用 only to (意料之外的结果)。
• 分词作状语：表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果、让步等。现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成。

综合练习

以下为15道非谓语动词专项练习题，涵盖高考常见考点。请先独立完成，再对照答案和解析。

一、单选题

1. ______ the project, they had to work overtime every day.

A. Completing B. To complete C. Having completed D. Completed

答案：B　解析：本题考查不定式作目的状语。句意为 “为了完成这个项目，他们不得不每天加班”，不定式 to complete 表示“为了完成”，表目的。A项现在分词表示主动伴随，C项完成式表示已经完成，D项过去分词表示被动，均不符合句意。

2. The manager demanded that the work ______ on time.

A. be finished B. to be finished C. finishing D. finished

答案：A　解析：本题考查虚拟语气和不定式的被动式。demand 后接 that 从句时用虚拟语气 (should) do，被动形式为 (should) be finished。若将 work 视为被要求“被完成”，也可用不定式被动式 to be finished，但此处 that 从句中谓语动词应为 be finished。选项 B to be finished 若理解为不定式作定语修饰 work，语法不通。

3. I still remember ______ to Beijing when I was a child.

A. taking B. to take C. being taken D. to be taken

答案：C　解析：remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事”，remember to do sth. 表示“记得要去做某事”。根据 “when I was a child” 可知是回忆小时候被带去北京的经历，应用被动形式 being taken。

4. The film ______ next week is about the life of a famous scientist.

A. released B. being released C. to be released D. having been released

答案：C　解析：不定式作定语表示将来的动作。“next week” 提示影片尚未上映，因此用 to be released 表示“即将在下周上映的”。A项过去分词表示已上映，B项表示正在上映，D项完成被动式表示已经上映，均与时间不符。

5. ______ from the top of the mountain, the lake looks like a mirror.

A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Having seen

答案：B　解析：本题考查分词作状语的语态选择。句子主语 the lake 与 see 之间是被动关系（“湖被看到”），所以用过去分词 Seen。Seen from the top 相当于 When it is seen from the top。A项现在分词表主动，C项不定式表目的，D项完成式表主动且先于谓语发生，均不符合。

6. He tried to avoid ______ the same mistake again.

A. making B. to make C. having made D. made

答案：A　解析：avoid 后只能接动名词作宾语，即 avoid doing sth.。此处表示“避免犯同样的错误”，make 与 mistake 是动宾关系，用主动形式即可，无需完成式。

7. The teacher came into the classroom, ______ by a group of students.

A. following B. followed C. to follow D. having followed

答案：B　解析：分词作伴随状语。老师被一群学生跟着，follow 与主语 the teacher 之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词 followed。句意为“老师走进教室，身后跟着一群学生”。

8. ______ the truth, she felt very relieved.

A. Knowing B. Known C. To know D. Having known

答案：C　解析：不定式作原因状语。“知道了真相，她感到非常宽慰”。此处用不定式 to know 强调得知真相这一具体事件带来的情绪结果。现在分词 knowing 也可表示原因，但用不定式更侧重“得知”这一具体行为及其引发的情绪反应。在高考中，不定式常与 surprised, delighted, relieved, disappointed 等表示情感的形容词连用作原因状语。

9. The bridge ______ now will be completed next year.

A. built B. being built C. to be built D. having been built

答案：B　解析：现在分词的被动式作定语表示“正在被修建的”。“now” 提示正在修建，所以用 being built。A项表示已建成，C项表示将修建，D项表示已被建好且强调完成状态，均不符合时间状语。

10. I really appreciate ______ to your birthday party.

A. inviting B. being invited C. to be invited D. having invited

答案：B　解析：appreciate 后接动名词作宾语。“被邀请”应用被动形式 being invited。句意为“我很感激被邀请参加你的生日聚会”。

二、用所给词的正确形式填空

11. We are looking forward to ______ (receive) your reply.

答案：receiving　解析：look forward to 中的 to 是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填 receiving。

12. The man ______ (stand) over there is our English teacher.

答案：standing　解析：现在分词作定语表示主动进行，相当于 who is standing。句意为“站在那边的那个人是我们的英语老师”。

13. ______ (Give) more time, we could have done it better.

答案：Given　解析：过去分词作条件状语，表示“如果被给予更多时间”。Given 相当于 If we had been given，注意句中的虚拟语气 could have done。

14. The little girl couldn’t help ______ (cry) when she saw her lost toy.

答案：crying　解析：can’t help doing sth. 表示“忍不住做某事”，固定搭配，故填 crying。

15. It is no use ______ (worry) about the exam results now.

答案：worrying　解析：It is no use doing sth. 是固定句型，意为“做某事没有用”，其中动名词作真正主语。故填 worrying。

参考答案速查

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