一、关系代词 who / whom / which / that / whose 用法练习
关系代词用来引导定语从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。选择正确的关系代词填空。
1. The girl ______ is standing under the tree is my cousin.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
答案：C
解析：关系代词在从句中作主语，指人，因此用who。which指物，whom在从句中作宾语，whose表所属关系。
2. The professor ______ we met at the conference is famous for his research.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
答案：B
解析：关系代词在从句中作动词met的宾语，指人，因此用whom。在日常用法中，当关系代词作宾语时，也可以用who替代，但严格的语法规范中应用whom。
3. I bought a phone ______ has a very good camera.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
答案：C
解析：先行词phone是物，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此用which。that也可以用于此处，但选项中没有that。
4. This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
答案：B
解析：当先行词被形容词最高级best修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。同样，当先行词被all、every、no、only、very、the same等修饰时，也只能用that。
5. Do you know the man ______ car was stolen last night?
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
答案：D
解析：关系代词在从句中作定语，表示“他的”，因此用whose。whose car = the man’s car，表所属关系。
6. He is the only person ______ can solve this problem.
A. which B. that C. whom D. whose
答案：B
解析：先行词被only修饰时，关系代词只能用that。考察规定：先行词被the only、the very、the same、the last等修饰时，关系代词用that。
二、关系副词 when / where / why 用法练习
关系副词在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。
7. I still remember the day ______ I first met her.
A. which B. when C. where D. why
答案：B
解析：先行词the day表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，因此用关系副词when。when = on which。
8. This is the hospital ______ my mother works.
A. which B. when C. where D. that
答案：C
解析：先行词the hospital表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where。where = in which。
9. Can you tell me the reason ______ you were absent yesterday?
A. which B. when C. where D. why
答案：D
解析：先行词the reason表示原因，关系词在从句中作原因状语，因此用why。why = for which。
10. Autumn is the season ______ leaves turn yellow and fall.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
答案：A
解析：先行词the season表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用when。when = in which。
11. We visited the village ______ many events took place.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
答案：B
解析：先行词the village表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where。where = in which。
三、限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句区别
限制性定语从句不能用逗号分开，删除后会影响主句意思；非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句分开，删除后不影响主句意思。注意：that不能用于非限制性定语从句。
12. My sister, ______ lives in Beijing, is coming to visit us next week.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
答案：C
解析：这是一个非限制性定语从句，用逗号与主句分开。非限制性定语从句不能用that，指人时用who（不能用whom作主语）。这句话的意思是“我姐姐住在北京，她下周要来看我们”，删除从句后主句意思仍完整。
13. The house ______ we bought last year has a beautiful garden.
A. which B. where C. when D. who
答案：A
解析：这是一个限制性定语从句，没有逗号。关系代词在从句中作动词bought的宾语，指物，用which或that。限制性定语从句删除后，主句意思不完整：“那栋房子有一个美丽的花园”——哪栋房子？
四、介词 + 关系代词
当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以将介词提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词 + 关系代词”的结构。指人时用介词 + whom，指物时用介词 + which。
14. The teacher ______ I learned a lot is Mr. Zhang.
A. from who B. from whom C. from which D. from that
答案：B
解析：“从……学到很多”是learn a lot from...，介词from提前到关系代词前，指人用whom。from whom = from the teacher。
15. This is the camera ______ I took these photos.
A. with which B. with whom C. with that D. which
答案：A
解析：“用相机拍照”是take photos with a camera，介词with提前到关系代词前，指物用which。with which = with the camera。
16. The classroom ______ windows face south is ours.
A. that B. which C. whose D. of which
答案：C
解析：“窗户朝南的教室”表示所属关系，whose指物时可代替the windows of which。即whose windows = the windows of which。
五、综合练习
17. This is the most interesting book ______ I have read this year.
A. which B. that C. what D. who
答案：B
解析：先行词被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰，因此只能用that。同时，that在从句中作动词have read的宾语，可以省略。
18. His father died in the year ______ the war broke out.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
答案：A
解析：先行词the year表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用when。also possible: in which。
19. The building ______ roof is red is the library.
A. which B. that C. whose D. of which
答案：C
解析：“红色屋顶的建筑”表示所属关系，用whose。the building whose roof = the building the roof of which。
20. I will never forget the day ______ I spent with my grandparents.
A. when B. which C. where D. why
答案：B
解析：这是一道经典的易错题。关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语（spend a day），因此需要关系代词作宾语，而不是状语，所以用which或that，不能用when。when是关系副词，只能作状语。
21. Mrs. Wang, ______ son is a famous actor, is very proud of him.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
答案：C
解析：非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语表示“她的”，因此用whose。不能用that。
22. We talked about the people and things ______ we remembered.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
答案：A
解析：当先行词既指人又指物时，关系代词只能用that。本句先行词为the people and things，包含人和物，因此用that。
23. That is the reason ______ he was so upset.
A. which B. why C. where D. when
答案：B
解析：先行词the reason表示原因，关系词在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why 。
24. I have a friend ______ father is a doctor.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
答案：C
解析：关系代词在从句中作定语表示所属，“朋友的爸爸”，因此用whose。
定语从句关系词用法总结表
上表归纳了定语从句中八个核心关系词的用法。请同学们结合例句进行理解性记忆，尤其是区分who和whom、掌握that的特殊用法、以及关系副词与关系代词的区别。
备考建议
定语从句是高中英语语法的重要内容，也是高考常考点。复习时建议做好以下几点：
第一，掌握关系代词和关系副词的区别。关键是分析关系词在从句中的成分：作主语、宾语、定语用关系代词；作状语用关系副词。第二，特殊情况只能用that的几种情形（最高级、the only、既指人又指物等）要熟记。第三，非限制性定语从句不能用that，并且要理解它与限制性定语从句的区别。第四，“介词 + 关系代词”结构中，指人用whom，指物用which。
定语从句的掌握需要大量练习和感悟，建议同学们在做题时先分析从句的结构，找出关系词在从句中的作用，再做出选择。
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